IELTS Previous Year Writing Task 2 Questions

2019 Task 2 Questions
(March – April 2019)

1. Many people believe that it’s better to learn something in a group rather than
individually. Do you agree or disagree?

2. Some people think that men are naturally more competitive than women. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

3. These days, mobile phones and the internet are very important to the ways in
which people relate to one another socially. Do the advantages of this
development outweigh the disadvantages?

4. Weddings are more expensive in many countries comparison present and past.
What is the reason behind this? Is this a positive or a negative development?

5. Some believe that is is the responsibility of people to take care about the
environment. Others say it is the government that should take care of the
environment. Discuss both views and state your opinion.

6. Scientists believe that in order to protect the environment, people must use less
energy in their daily lives. However, most people have not changed the way they
live. Why do you think many people have not taken individual action? What could
be done to encourage them to take action?

7. Many doctors say that people in today’s world do not do enough physical
exercise. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions are there to this problem?

8. In many countries, small shops and town centers are going out of business,
because people tend to drive to the large out-of-town stores. This results in an
increase in car use, and it also means that people without cars have limited access
to out-of-town stores. Do you think the advantages of such development outweigh its
disadvantages?

9. Films and computer games which contain violence are very popular. Some
people believe they have a negative effect on society and so should be banned.
Other people, however, say they are just harmless and help people to relax.
Discuss both these points of view and give your own opinion.

10. Computer games and films containing violence are popular today. Some
people think that these are harmful to our society and the government should ban
them. Others argue that such games and films are fine for entertainment. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

11. Many people believe that the increasing number of cars in cities is the biggest
source of pollution and waste. Others think that industries are the ones causing
pollution. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

12. Many people these days have computer, laptops, telephones at their home for
work. Do you think, working from home has more advantages or disadvantages?
Give reasons.

13. Many people today use their phones to communicate by sending text
messages than talking. What are the reasons for this? Does it have advantages
and disadvantages?

14. It is expected in the near future that there will be a higher proportion of old
people compared to younger population in some countries. Is it a positive or
negative development? Give your opinion and examples.

15. Some people think that schools should involve students in school management.
Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Give reasons for your answer.

16. Fast food is a part of life in many place. Some people think this has bad
effects in lifestyle and diet. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons.

17. These days it is very common to have people from two different generations
mix in the same workplace. Are there more advantages or disadvantages to this
situation? Give your own opinion and include relevant examples.

2019 Task 2 Questions
(February 2019)

1. Nowadays, more people would rather purchase food than cook at home. What
are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

2. In many countries, the rich are becoming richer and poor are becoming poorer.
Why is this a problem? What solutions can be done to solve this problem?

3. Some people think that radio is the best way to get news while others think that
television is better for this purpose. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

4. Over consuming sugar is unhealthy. Some people think that the government
should take responsibility to control it. Others think that individuals should take
responsibility of sugar intake. What is your opinion on this? Discuss both views.

5. All the people in a company should be treated equally and provided with the
same number of vacation leaves per year. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this?

6. Some people do not mind to spend their leisure time with their colleagues while
some people prefer to keep their private life separate from their work life. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

7. Some people believe in the era of e-technology, printing newspaper and
magazines will cease to occur in the near future. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

8. Some people say schools should be responsible to teach young adults to look
after their health, while others think this is not responsibility of schools. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

9. Many people try to look younger than their age. What do you think are the
causes people do this. Is a good or bad thing?

10. Some people believe that children should be given lessons on how to manage
money in the school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

11. Money should be spent on creating new public buildings such as museums or
town halls rather than renovating the existing ones. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

12. Some people think that watching movies is a waste of time. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

13. Some people say that schools do not do enough to teach young people about
health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

14. Some people believe that the museums and historic sites should be open for
free for children under 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

15. Doctors these days are saying people are not getting enough physical
exercise. What do you think are the causes for this trend? What can be done to
solve this?

16. Some people think that it is better to get information or advice from other
people, while others believe one can get any information or advice from the
Internet or books. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

17. Recently, many people know a few of their neighbors. What is the cause of
this problem? What can be done to solve this problem? Give reasons for your
answer and any example from your own experience.

18. Some people say that holding sport competitions cause many troubles, others
disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

19. Some people believe public libraries are not important for people, others
disagree about this statement. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

20. Some people think that watching sport is waste of time during leisure time. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

21. Some people believe that in order for a hobby to be enjoyable, it needs to be
difficult in some way. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

22. People of older and younger generations work together in same workplace.
Do you think there are more advantages or disadvantages for this? Use examples
or explain from your personal experiences.

2019 Task 2 Questions
(January 2019)

1. While recruiting a new employee, the employer should pay more attention to
their personal qualities, rather than qualifications and experience. To what extent
do you agree or disagree? Give your opinion and include relevant examples.

2. Money should be spent on creating new public buildings such as museums or
town halls rather than renovating the existing ones. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

3. All the people in a company should be treated equally and provided with the
same number of holidays in a year or people doing different jobs enjoy different
amount of holiday time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

4. Some people say that a person’s success is as a result of the way he has been
brought up by his parents. Do you agree or disagree?

5. Public celebrations (such as national days, festivals etc) are held in most
countries. These are often quite expensive and some people say that governments
should spend money on more useful things. Do you agree or disagree?

6. Some people prefer to buy local products while others prefer international
products. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

7. Some people say that children given pocket money every week will have lesser
money problems when they become adults. Do you agree or disagree?

8. More and more people are opting for ready-made food instead of freshly
cooked food. Do this development has more advantages over disadvantages?.

9. Today, many big cities in the world are increasing in size. What are the
problems associated with it? What are the solution to these problems?

10. Some young people are leaving countryside to live in cities or towns, it leaves
only old people in countryside. What are the problems of this issue? What can be
done to solve this problem?

11. Many people believe that learning a foreign language is a very difficult task.
What are the most difficult things about learning a foreign language? What is the
best way to overcome them? Explain and include your personal experience or
knowledge of these problems.

12. Some people think high-end technology can prevent and cut down the rate of
committing crime. Do you agree or disagree?

13. Some people feel that courses can make anyone a teacher, while others feel
an excellent teacher cannot be made by pursuing a course. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.

14. Some people think that high salary is important when choosing a company to
work for, while others think that good working atmosphere is more important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

15. Some people encourage young children to leave their parents house as soon
as they become adults while other say children should stay at their parents house
as long as possible. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.

16. Many countries thought that children have to do homework in their free time
while other say children should do more outdoor activity. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

17. Some people say that art subjects such as music, drama and creative writing
are an essential part of education, and every school should include them in its
syllabus. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and
examples from your own experience.

18. Nowadays in many countries women have full time jobs. Therefore, it is logical
to share household tasks evenly between men and women. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement?

19. Some people think that public health within a country can be improved by
government making laws regarding nutritious food. Others, however, think that
health is a matter of personal choice and responsibility. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

20. Many people believe that learning a foreign language is a very difficult task.
What are the most difficult things about learning a foreign language? What is the
best way to overcome them? Explain and include your personal experience or
knowledge of these problems.

21. Some people believe that construction of new public buildings such as
museums, town halls and sporting facilities is more important than renovation of
the existing ones, while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.

22. Nowadays the crime rate is increasing, especially among teenagers. What are
the reasons behind it? How can we reverse this trend? What punishment methods
should be used, in your opinion?

23. Nowadays online education has become popular as more institutes and
companies are offering courses online. However, many people prefer the
traditional, classroom training or study. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of both methods.

24. Some people believe that the government should take care of old people and
provide financial support after they retire. Others say individuals should save
during their working years to fund their own retirement. What is your opinion? Give
reasons for your answer and include examples from your own experience.

25. In some cultures old people are valued more, while in other cultures youth is
considered more valuable. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

26. Some people say that art subjects such as music, drama and creative writing
are an essential part of education, and every school should include them in its
syllabus. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and
examples from your own experience.

27. Nowadays people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and
restaurants. Why do you think people waste food? What can be done to reduce
the amount of food they throw away?

Task 2 Questions
(December 2018)

1. In today’s times internet is making it easy to study online from home. Some
prefer online courses to study and they think it is better. Others prefer classroom
education. Discuss both views and share your opinion.

2. Successful companies use advertising to make more sales. What can make an
advertisement very effective? Do you think this is a bad thing or a good thing for
the society?

3. Science will soon make people live up to 100 or even 200 years. Some believe
this is a good thing while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.

4. Some people believe that after hundred years life will be easier for most of
people, while the others are unsure. What is your opinion?

5. Some people think it is important to spend a lot of money on a wedding
celebration, while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

6. Some people think that giving gifts and presents to friends and family is
important to show them that we care. Others think that there are more important
ways. Discuss both and give your opinion.

7. The media is increasing interest in famous people who have ordinary
backgrounds. Why do you think people are interested in the lives of famous
people? Do you think this is a good thing?

8. Some people prefer activities and lifestyle in hot climates while others prefer
activities and lifestyle in cold climate. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

9. Online education and training is becoming increasingly popular in the business
world. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

10. More and more parents are allowing their children to play on computers and
tablets as they think that children should learn technology skills. Do the advantages
of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

11. People are living in a ‘throwaway society’, using things for a short time and
then throwing them away. What are the causes of this? What problems does it
lead to?

12. Nowadays children mostly spend time playing computer games rather than
sports. What are the reasons for this? Is it a positive or a negative development?

13. Scientists agree that many people eat too much junk food and it is damaging
their health. Some people think that this problem can be solved by educating
people, while others believe that education will not work. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.

14. Many people believe that TV news and media in general have a detrimental
effect on our life. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your own
opinion, including relevant examples.

15. Many famous athletes advertise different products. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of it?

16. Nowadays people try to balance their work with other things in life, but only
some could actually achieve it so far. What are the reasons for that? How can we
solve this problem?

17. Some people say that online study is the most effective and convenient way to
learn. Others believe that online study will never be as effective as learning at
school, in person. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

18. Children and teenagers are committing more and more crimes in many
countries. Why is this happening? How can we stop or at least reduce youth
crime?

19. Some people prefer cold weather conditions, while others don’t. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

20. Some people think subjects taught in school are a waste of time, while others
disagree and believe that this type of education is useful for students. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

Task 2 Questions
(November 2018)

1. Some people think that the only way to relax is rest or sleep, while others say
people need to do exercise or sport to relax. Discuss both view points and give
your own opinion.

2. Some parents and teachers think that children’s behaviour should be strictly
controlled. While some think that children should be free to behave. Discuss both
the views and give your opinion.

3. In many countries day by day rubbish (garbage) is increasing. Why is it
happening? What can be done?

4. Some people see shopping as a leisure activity mostly for young adults, while
others disagree. Do you think this has a positive or negative effect on economic
development? Give your opinion and include relevant examples.

5. Shopping has become a favorite pastime among young people. What do you
think it is like that? Do you think they must be encouraged to do other things rather
than shopping?

6. Some people think that the main factors influencing a child’s development these
days are things such as television, friends, and music. Others believe that the
family still remains more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

7. Food travels thousands of miles from producers to consumers. Some people
think that it would be better for the environment and economy if people only ate the
local food produced by farmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

8. Some people argue that the fittest, strongest individuals and teams can achieve
the greatest success in sports. But other people think that success is as much
related to mental attitude. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

9. Some people become famous when they are at a young age. Do you think this
is positive or negative?

10. Some people believe it is important to give gifts and presents to friends and
family to show that we care about them. Others think that there are better ways to
show affection to them. Discuss both the views and give your own opinion.

11. Many people believe that spending a lot of money on weddings is fine, while
others completely disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion and
examples.

12. Many people believe the government should spend money on faster public
transport. Others think that money should be spent on different aspects of public
transportation, such as cost reduction and environment conservation. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

13. Some people believe that manufacturers should be responsible for reducing
the large amounts of packaging they use. Others say consumers should avoid
buying heavily packaged items. Discuss both views and state your opinion. Give
reasons for your answer and include examples from your experience.

14. Some people think that family has the most important influence on children’s
development, while others believe that factors such as TV, friends, music and
books have a more significant impact. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

NEW Task 2 Questions
(October 2018)

1. Today, most people get married and give birth in their thirties rather than when
they are younger. Is this a positive or negative development?

2. Shops should give preference in selling local food rather than imported food. Do
you agree or disagree?

3. Growing population is a big problem in developing countries. Should the
government provide new homes in the cities or countryside?

4. Some people think that the media (newspapers) have the right to publish details
of people’s private lives, while others think it should be controlled. Discuss both
views.

5. Some people think that activities during the free-time should be planned while
others disagree. Discuss both sides and include examples and relevant data from
your own experience.

6. In some countries an increasing number of people are suffering from health
problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for
governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food? To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this opinion? You should use your own ideas, knowledge
and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

7. Today more people are overweight than ever before. What in your opinion are
the primary causes of this? What measures can be taken to overcome this
epidemic?

8. In most parts of the world people are living longer. What are the possible
causes of this situation? Is this a negative or positive development?

9. Today, the internet and TV have created that chance for ordinary people to
become famous. Is it a positive or negative development?

10. Nowadays food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the
way people live? Give reasons for your answer using your own ideas and
experience.

11. Nowadays many people believe that children should be taught history in
schools, however, others argue that children should learn subjects that are more
helpful for modern everyday life. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

12. Some parents believe that a child should not waste time by reading
entertainment books, instead they should spend time to read educational books
only. What is your opinion about this?

13. Some people think that young children need to attend nursery before primary
school. While others believe young children can spend all day at home. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

14. Some people believe school children should be given multiple short vacations
while others believe they should get one long vacation. Give advantages of both
and your point of view.

15. Some people think that the advantages of advertising sports products through
famous sports players outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?

16. In our society, there is far more attention on men’s sport than women’s sport.
What are the reasons for this? Do you think that this is positive or negative
development?

17. It has been said that reading for pleasure is better in developing imagination
and language skills than watching TV. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
18. Advertisements are influencing us in a negative way. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

19. School teachers are more responsible for the social and intellectual
development of students than parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

20. Some people spend a lot of money for their wedding ceremonies. However,
others feel like it is unnecessary to spend a lot. Discuss both view points and give
your own opinion.

21. Since traveling abroad became relatively inexpensive, more countries opened
their doors for foreign tourists. Is it a positive or negative trend? Give your opinion
and include relevant examples.

22. Many countries consider eighteen year olds to be adults, while other countries
don’t. What do you think about it? Give your opinion and some relevant examples
based on your own experience.

Task 2 Questions
(September 2018)

1. Some people think that the only way to judge someone’s success in business is
by the amount of money they make. Is this a true indicator of the success of a
business and in what other ways could success in a business be measured?

2. The restoration of old buildings in major cities around the world costs enormous
amounts of money. This money would be better spent on providing new housing
and road development. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

3. Employers should give their workers at least one month holiday a year as it
makes them to do better at their job. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

4. Some people believe the Olympic Games doesn’t belong to the 21st century
anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

5. Some parents believe that reading books for entertainment is a waste of time
for children and they think that their children should only read serious educational
books. What is your opinion?

6. Some people think that an advertising on TV is useless and others disagree.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

7. Some people think money is the best gift to give it to youngsters, while others
disagree. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.

8. For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and
social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

9. In the modern world it is possible to shop, work and communicate with people
via the internet and live without any face-to-face contact with others. Is it a positive
or negative development in your opinion? To what extent do you support this
development?

10. Many university students live with their families, while others live away from
home because their universities are in different places. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of both situations?

11. In the modern world it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing
or medicine. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your
answer and include examples from your own experience.

12. Some businesses observe that new employees who just graduated from a
college or university seem to lack interpersonal skills needed for communication
with their colleagues. What could be the reason for this? What solutions can help
address this problem?

13. Some people believe that we should start giving formal education to students
at a much earlier age, while others think we should wait until the age of 7. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Discuss and give reasons for
your answer.

14. Nowadays in many countries young people leave rural areas to study or work
in cities. What are the reasons for this? Do the benefits of this outweigh the
disadvantages?

15. Some parents believe that reading entertainment books is a waste of time. In
their opinion, children should only read serious, educational books. Do you agree
or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include relevant examples from
your own experience.

16. Nowadays there is a growing trend of private car ownership. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages or environmental problems associated
with this?

17. Some people believe that companies should pay for damage they cause to the
environment, while others say that the government should be responsible for such
expenses. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include
examples from your experience.

18. Nowadays there are many medical surveys of treatments to reduce health
problems. Who should conduct them, governments, individuals or private
companies, in your opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include relevant
examples from your experience.

19. The international community must act immediately to ensure that all countries
reduce their consumption of fossil fuels such as gas, oil and coal. To what extent
do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your own opinion.

Task 2 Questions
(August 2018)

1. For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and
social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Many people believe that it is a good idea to have a dress code at workplaces.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and examples
from your own experience.

3. Some think that private companies should pay for pollution clean up, while
others say it should be a government’s responsibility. Discuss, and state your own
opinion.

4. Many people think that more having more money will make them happier. How
important is money to happiness?

5. Many people believe that the use of new technology improves the lives of
employees. Others think it is a disadvantage for them. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.

6. Some people say that sport is very important for a nation’s development, while
others believe that sport is no more than a leisure time activity. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.

7. Some people think that children should start school sooner while others believe
they should not start it before the age of seven. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

8. Some people argue that competitive sports are good for bringing together
different people and cultures. Others argue that these sports can cause problems
and increase conflicts between nations. Discuss both points of view and give your
own opinion.

9. In some countries, it is illegal for employers to reject job applications on the
basis of age criteria. Is it a positive or negative development? Give reasons for
your answer and include examples from your own experience.

10. Many young people regularly change their jobs over the years. What are the
reasons for this? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

11. Some people think that new technologies benefit the life of workers whereas
some deny the statement. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

12. Scientists agree that many people are eating too much junk food and it is
damaging to their health. Some people think that these problems can be solved by
educating people to eat less junk food. Other people believe that education will not
work. Discus s both opinions and give your own opinion.

13. Some people think that companies and private individuals should pay to clean
up the pollution that they produce, not the government. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

14. As more and more students enter universities, academic qualifications are
becoming devalued. To get ahead in many professions, more than one degree is
now required and in future, it is likely that people will take a number of degree
courses before even starting work. This is an undesirable situation. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

15. Many people are involved in sports when they are young but stop once they
are adults. Why do many adults stop doing physical exercise? What can be done
about this problem?

16. Some people think that it is a good idea for all employees to wear a uniform at
work. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

17, Some people think that new technology always improves the lives of workers.
Other people believe that it results in disadvantages for workers. Discuss both
opinions and give your own opinion.

18. Some people think that international competitive sports such as football bring
conflict between people of different age groups and nationalities. Others think the
sport is helping reach understanding between people and nations. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.

19. Some people think that only staff who worked in the company for a long time
should be promoted to higher positions. What is your opinion on this? Give reasons
and relevant examples for your answer.

20. Some people think it’s a good idea to wear a uniform at work. Do you agree or
disagree? Give reasons for your answer with relevant examples from knowledge
or experience.

21. Some people think it is more important to spend time in developing a
successful career while others think it is more important to spend time with friends
and family. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

22. There is less social contact between young and old. What are the reasons?
What measures can be taken?

Task 2 Questions
(July 2018) (Education)

Q1. Do you agree with the following statement: home schooling protects students
from a number of challenges faced by non-home- schooled children?

Q2. Does distant learning make it easier for students to balance their everyday
lives?

Q3 Learning in one’s native tongue yields better school scores than learning in a
medium language. Do you agree or disagree? Argue your point of view.

Q4: Should there be a variety of learning methodologies implemented within the
school learning curriculum?

Latest Task 2
Questions (July 2018)

1. Some believe that modern technology has made people less socially active,
while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

2. The best way to reduce crime among young people is to teach parents good
parenting skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give your own opinion and examples.

3. Some psychologists think that the best way to overcome stress of everyday
life is to spend a portion of the day doing absolutely nothing. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

4. There is a trend of increasing amounts of consumer goods, which leads to
environmental problems. What are the reasons for this trend? Give your own
opinion and solutions.

5. The difference in age between parents and their children has increased
compared to the past. Do you think advantages of this trend outweigh the
disadvantages?

6. Scientists have been warning for many years already that in order to protect
the environment people should use less energy. However, most people do not
change their ways of living. What is causing this behaviour? How can people
be encouraged to change?

7. Some people think that children should go to kindergarten before attending
primary school, while others believe that is better for children to stay all day
with their families. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

8. Some people believe that trade and cultural relationships between the
countries is a positive development, while others disagree. Discuss both the
views and include your own opinion.

9. Recently there are more gas stations being built as opposed to diesel ones in
rural areas. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

10. Many parents (mostly women) decide to stay home and take care of the
family members instead of going out for work. Some people suggest that they
should be paid by the government for doing that. Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include examples from your own
experience.

11. Different cultures are mixing today and the world is becoming a global village.
Is it a positive or a negative development? Give your own opinion and
examples.

12. Nowadays people’s life is changing rapidly and, as a result, family
relationships are affected. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages? Give your opinion and examples from your own experience.

13. Measures have been put in place to improve road safety by reducing the
speed limits. Some people believe there are better alternatives. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.

14. Some people think that the range of technology available to people is
increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. Others think it has an
opposite effect. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

15. Some of the methods used in advertising are unethical and unacceptable in
today’s society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

16. People nowadays are not as fit and active as they were in the past. What are
the reasons for this? What measures can be taken for this

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